Unknown cause, called idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) Pulmonary hypertension is classified into five groups, depending on the cause. These changes may slow down or stop blood flow through the lungs, causing pulmonary hypertension. These blood vessels are the pulmonary arteries, capillaries and veins.īut changes in the cells that line the lung arteries can cause the artery walls to become narrow, stiff, swollen and thick. The blood passes through a large blood vessel called the pulmonary artery.īlood usually flows easily through blood vessels in the lungs to the left side of the heart. Each time blood moves through the heart, the lower right chamber pumps blood to the lungs. The typical heart has two upper chambers and two lower chambers. The heart valves, which keep blood flowing in the right direction, are gates at the chamber openings. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.A typical heart has two upper and two lower chambers. It goes into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. Right-hand sideĭeoxygenated blood from the body is carried to the heart in the vena cava. The ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve, into the aorta and round the body. It goes into the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart from the lungs in the pulmonary vein. The pathway of blood through the heart Left-hand side The left-hand side of the heart collects oxygenated blood from the heart and pumps it round the body. The right-hand side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs (to collect more oxygen). The heart works as a dual action pump – two pumps that work at the same time to pump blood in two different directions. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.Ī rteries carry oxygenated blood a way from the heart (except for the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs). The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs. It carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. The vena cava is the largest vein in the body. It carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. There are four main blood vessels that take blood into and out of the heart. Blood vessels leading into and out of the heart There is a semilunar valve where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and another where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle. The semilunar valves stop the back flow of blood into the heart. It likewise opens due to a build-up of pressure, this time in the left atrium. The bicuspid valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle and prevents back flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium. It opens due to a build-up of pressure in the right atrium, and prevents back flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium. The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle. The septum separates the right-hand and left-hand side of the heart. The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart to the lungs or around the body. The atria (plural of atrium) are where the blood collects when it enters the heart. The left-hand side pumps oxygenated blood around the body.Įach side of the heart consists of an atrium and a ventricle which are two connected chambers. The right-hand side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The heart is a large muscular pump and is divided into two halves - the right-hand side and the left-hand side. It is located in the middle of the chest and slightly towards the left. If you clench your hand into a fist, this is approximately the same size as your heart.
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